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Many other Scientologist-run organizations and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another popular WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This section needs growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or respected people. Scientology. Though it has actually obtained some credibility as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a business business.


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For example, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time Perth Scientology the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had Scientology Perth initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as figured out in a web survey run by the governmental shift team soliciting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has actually slammed Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted Scientology personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive tactics in addressing those it sees as attempting to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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